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ZDRAVLJE 360

Health without miracles: prevention, sleep, movement, and how to read a medical study.

An AKTUAL MEDIA edition · GNK ASG network

Hrvatski

Study

How to read a medical study in five minutes

Most health headlines come from press releases, not from papers. Five questions are enough to tell the difference.

ZDRAVLJE 360 — Study
Network notice. This is an independent edition inside the GNK ASG network. The main site is gnk-asg.hr; the list of all editions is at gnk-asg.hr/en/network. The publisher is AKTUAL MEDIA d.o.o., and every text in the network is listed at AKTUAL MEDIA — network of editions. Editor and director: Nermin Sefić.

This is not medical advice. The texts explain public-health guidance and how to read a study; decisions about treatment need a physician.

01Five questions

How many people took part? Was it randomised? What was the control group? What is the absolute, not just relative, risk? Was the paper reviewed, and where did it appear?

If three of five have no answer, the headline is stronger than the evidence. That rule applies to this site too.

02Relative and absolute

“Cuts risk by 50%” means little if the baseline is 2 in 10,000. The same sentence means a lot if the baseline is 2 in 10. That is why relative figures here never appear without the baseline.

  • Sample and duration
  • Control group and randomisation
  • Absolute risk alongside relative
  • Review and place of publication
  • Conflict of interest and funding

Questions that keep coming back

Is a mouse study news for humans?

It can be interesting but is not proof for humans. Here such a study is labelled preclinical, without exception.

Sources

Every source below is public and checkable. Where a page cites a figure, the figure comes from one of these documents — and the document has a date.

  1. World Health OrganizationGuidelines on physical activity, nutrition and prevention.
  2. CDCPublic-health data and recommendations for adults and children.
  3. NIHResearch and plain-language explanations of medical studies.
  4. NHSPractical patient guidance, clearly dated.
  5. CochraneSystematic reviews that summarise multiple studies on one question.

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